Millers Tale Essays

Mill operators Tale Essays Mill operators Tale Paper Mill operators Tale Paper We gain from the Millers representation that his mouth as incredible as a welcome forneys and he tells synne and noriotries. We know from this that the Miller will be recounting to a rough story and utilizing unrefined language, not a sentiment. We additionally realize that the Miller is lower class and has more muscle than minds. This shows he will be recounting to an indecent story of how he sees reality, which is probably going to be about desire and infidelity, as in all fabliaus. In the start of the preamble the Miller has just offended the host by upsetting the social congruity. He has likewise irritated the Reeve, whose activity is a craftsman. Customarily there was a competition among Millers and woodworkers. This makes the story increasingly fit to the Miller as he decides to insult the Reeve. The Millers hostile character appears through in this hostile story. We see from the preface that the Miller has a thumb of gold implying that he prepares a portion of the flour that he grindes for the neighborhood individuals. This shows how exploitative and mischievous the Miller is. This makes him appropriate to tell the story as it is about untruthfulness and absence of trust and faithfulness. The story is about infidelity and the mill operator accepts that all ladies are two-timing and tells the Reeve that He who hath no spouse, he is no cokewold. In the story we were informed that John was envious and heeld enlist narwe in confine. This shows John has comparable perspectives to those of the Miller since he can't confide in his significant other. The Miller is uneducated and decides to affront Nicolas who is astute and taught. This is the reason at long last Nicolas is rebuffed by being burnt in the towte. Absolon is likewise pulled in light of the fact that he is delicate. This mill operator disdains feminine men since he himself is exceptionally manly. Absolon is likewise rebuffed in light of the fact that he succumbs to Alisons stunt and he hath kist hir under ye. Albeit every one of these focuses show that the Miller is fit to this story, there are a few pundits that accept that this story was excessively intelligent for the mill operator. The mill operator incorporates an appearance job for himself as the blackguard Robin. Yet, a few pundits contend that he was not astute enough to think about this. He additionally wouldnt have had the option to consider utilizing the word hende amusingly when discussing Nicolas. Despite the fact that this story is a fabliau, there are a few shows of a sentiment, for example, the long pictures of Alison and Absolon. We likewise observe these shows when Abslon is attempting to prevail upon Alison and he calls her Darling and my best winged animal. However the Miller would not be sufficiently shrewd to realize how to bring these shows into the fabliau. In the Millers introduction we are informed that Oure hooste saugh that he was dronke of brew. Since the Miller was in such an intoxicated state pundits contend that he wouldnt have had the option to recollect each and every detail of the story and that he would have not been in any state to tell it in rhyming couplets. Over all I feel that this fabliau is appropriate to its teller in light of the fact that both the story, and the Millers musings on life are indecent and discourteous. The story is told by the Miller who things that all ladies are exploitative and simple, which is the means by which ladies and connections and depicted in the story. Mill operators story Essays Mill operators story Paper Mill operators story Paper Dignified Love in Chaucer and Marie de France In his The Millers Tale Chaucer presents a side of the elegant love custom never observed. His characters are normal white collar class laborers as opposed to world class respectability. There is an intriguing correlation between the Millers characters and those in two of Marie de Frances lais that share exceptionally close plot lines. Rather than being admired Chaucers characters are lumpy. Rather than being engaged with dignified love there is some proof that the connection among Alison and Nicholas is one of desire. Chaucers utilization of the lower class makes the idiocy of what they are doing stick out. In the lais of Marie de France, Guigemare and Yonec, are based on a similar original which is equivalent to Chaucers Millers story employments. Maries lais can give a lot of standard procedures for this paradigm. The two lais share a few comparable components. The two of them contain a similar three focal characters, who has principal similitudes, a similar starting plot line and a few of similar subjects. Thefirst character shared by the two lais is the storys miscreant, the matured spouse. He is an incredible ruler who is a lot more established than his better half. Since he is aware of this reality, he stresses continually that his significant other will sell out him, so he bolts her up. He is both the least and most significant figure in the story. Hes significant in light of the fact that without his quality and activities the story would never occur. However, he has almost no genuine connection with the other two increasingly focal characters. The spouse in Yonec is never depicted as meeting either his significant other or her darling. In Guigemare the spouse, wife and Guigemare are just together when the two sweethearts are found. The figure of the wonderful, detained spouse is the subsequent focal character. She is the quintessential maiden in trouble, delightful, respectable (and except for her one genu ine romance) virtuous. The third character is the valiant sweetheart who salvages t

The American Tax System free essay sample

A relative exposition which contrasts the American expense framework and those of four different nations. A correlation of the expense frameworks of four unique nations to the American duty framework South Africa, Mexico, Hong Kong, and New Zealand. The paper clarifies the American assessment framework and afterward examines the frameworks of these other four nations. It finishes up with a diagram of the nation which is appears to the most attractive to the two people and organizations. Hong Kong has a Schedular arrangement of tax assessment. 0;The taxation rate is light and the framework is basic; (Taxation in Hong Kong) In this framework the main sorts of pay that are available are: pay rates, benefits, and property charge. This arrangement of tax collection contrasts from that of the United States in that 1. The framework is straightforward and straightforward. 2.Personal annual assessment rates are among the most minimal on the planet with a top of 15%. 3. Enterprises are just charged at a level pace of 16. We will compose a custom article test on The American Tax System or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 5% and capitals increases and profits got by another Hong Kong organization are not burdened. 4. It doesn't have an overall assessment on pay.

Features of Public Health Care Policy for Medicare - myassignmenthelp

Question: Expound on theFeatures of Public Health Care Policy for Medicare. Answer: The essential focal point of the exposition is the diverse medicinal services arrangement and the various viewpoints identified with it. It further contains the proof, partner promotion and the political decision in the comprehension of the general wellbeing arrangement. The accentuation has been laid on the strategy triangle to distinguish the fundamental highlights of the Australian government's Medicare Benefits Schedule Review Taskforce's starter report on the night-time expert administrations. To help the contention the strategy triangle model has been considered. It recognizes the partners and the way toward molding the strategy. At long last, the significance of the strategy and the methodology of improving it have been referenced in the article. By doing a point by point investigation of the taskforce, it has been noticed that in the middle of the years 2010-2011 and 2015-2016, there has been an expansion of the quantity of the dire twilight MBS administrations. The administrations have expanded unto one hundred and 50%. This as well as has expanded by one hundred and 70%. In some urban territories of Australia, the utilization of this critical after administrations has expanded to a great extent. The development in the halting of the pressing nightfall administrations comes as not be driven by the expanding clinical requirement for the dire afterhour administrations (Glasgow, et al., 2012). It has converged with the passage of new pursuit into the market with the incorporation of models, which elevate the administrations to the customers and putting the emphasis on the achievability of the clients without additional expense. By and large it has been discovered that there has been no unmistakable contrast among 'pressing' an d 'non-earnest'. It has been exceptionally befuddled by the clinical professionals. The appeal of the utilization of the things by MDS administrations converges with the proceeding with administration of care by the patient's standard GP and MDS administrations are on occasion offered less qualified specialists. This subsidizing ought to be made accessible for the afterhour administrations. The MBS things for the critical nightfall attendances ought not be made accessible where the patient has made an arrangement before the initiation of the night-time period (Kannan, Rabanal Scott, 2012). There has been endeavors taken to comprehend the approach examination. Numerous researchers and professionals have put forth the attempt. In any case, less consideration has been advanced towards this. The examination of the wellbeing arrangement issues is the comprehension of the collaborations between various organizations, interests and the thoughts identified with the wellbeing approach. The wellbeing approach condition is the most significant thing (Treml Halpin, 2012). Certain particular qualities of the wellbeing area influence the earth of the approach. The state is both the supplier and buyer of the administrations. It can run as a join forces with the private areas. In the endeavor of the human services buy and guidelines, the state is vigorously depends on and it comes up short on the basic data which can exclusively be given by the areas it is administering. Medical problems are greatest occasions of prominent and it requests the consideration of people in general. The ad ministration additionally has a significant task to carry out (Weimer Vining, 2017). The state government now and again enjoys the association with the private medicinal services divisions. The approach forms are evolving frequently. It isn't fixed and static. It isn't steady. The administration now and again offers the open clinical offices, which signify the general human services arrangement frameworks. Numerous issues have risen along these lines. The private arrangement frameworks are exorbitant contrasted with the open ones. Most extreme individuals can't bear the cost of the private medicinal services areas (Sorrentino, et al., 2012). There are numerous issues too identified with the methodology. Clearly the pre-conditions will be available simultaneously. The jobs of the more elevated level of government will be received and the jobs of different on-screen characters are ignored. It is hard to apply any sort of approach when there is anything but a solitary restrictive arrangement or any sort of office included. The arrangements continue changing as they are being executed. There is one powerful methodology, which is the base up approach, which infers that the individuals at subordinate levels have the alternative to change the arrangement and reshape it as per their accommodation. The assessment of the strategy turns out to be very troublesome (Fainstein DeFilippis, 2015). It gets sufficiently troublesome to isolate the effect of the people and various degrees of government on the outcomes and impacts of the arrangement. There is another significant hypothesis, which is known as the head specialist hypothesis. A s indicated by this hypothesis in every circumstance, there is sure connection between the individuals who characterize the arrangement and the individuals who partakes in the usage of the strategy (Jenkins, et al., 2016). The head operator relationship of the approach relies on the idea of the issues identified with the arrangement. it further incorporates the size of the chain required, it additionally incorporates the full size of the gatherings which is being influenced. It likewise incorporates the positive affectability. The formal and casual organizations are considered (Turner, 2014). Hence from the above paper it very well may be reasoned that specific wellbeing approaches needs the political consideration. Despite the fact that governmental issues goes about as the chief in the detailing of the approach in any country, the country needs to focus on the definition of the arrangements. It should target making a country liberated from the medical problems. The usage of the strategies ought to have the option to address the obstructions that are tended to because of the disappointment of the methodologies. It ought to totally concentrate on the plan of the strategy for the advancement of the country. it must distinguish the jobs of the considerable number of partners including the legislature and the leaders of the private social insurance areas. The proof based approach ought to be framed. All the entertainers in the framework must capacity successfully. The job of the considerable number of on-screen characters must be broke down totally as they have a significant part to play simultaneously. It must understand what a small number of medical problems converged into the administration approach plan. References Fainstein, S. S., DeFilippis, J. (Eds.). (2015).Readings in arranging hypothesis. John Wiley Sons. Glasgow, R. E., Green, L. W., Taylor, M. V., Stange, K. C. (2012). A proof incorporation triangle for adjusting science to arrangement and practice.American diary of preventive medicine,42(6), 646-654. Jenkins, T. J., Mai, H. T., Burgmeier, R. J., Savage, J. W., Patel, A. A., Hsu, W. K. (2016). The triangle model of intrinsic cervical stenosis.Spine,41(5), E242-E247. Kannan, P., Rabanal, P., Scott, A. M. (2012). Money related and macroprudential strategy governs in a model with house value booms.The BE Journal of Macroeconomics,12(1). Sorrentino, N., Menniti, D., Esposito, L., Gallina, G. (2012, September). A model to look at supergrid ventures utilizing EU approach triangle. InEnergy Conference and Exhibition (ENERGYCON), 2012 IEEE International(pp. 738-742). IEEE. Treml, E. A., Halpin, P. N. (2012). Marine populace availability distinguishes natural neighbors for protection arranging in the Coral Triangle.Conservation Letters,5(6), 441-449. Turner, P. (2014). The worldwide long haul loan cost, money related dangers and strategy decisions in EMEs. Weimer, D. L., Vining, A. R. (2017).Policy investigation: Concepts and practice. Taylor Francis.

Prejudice and discrimination - 5500 Words

Prejudice and discrimination (Research Paper Sample) Content: Prejudice and discriminationStudent NameUniversity AffiliationTable of contentsTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Name PAGEREF _Toc366868683 \h 1Institution PAGEREF _Toc366868684 \h 1Date PAGEREF _Toc366868685 \h 1Abstract PAGEREF _Toc366868686 \h 21.0 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc366868687 \h 31.1 Defining Prejudice in the Society PAGEREF _Toc366868688 \h 41.2 Defining discrimination in the society PAGEREF _Toc366868691 \h 61.3 Prejudice and Indiscrimination in the Society PAGEREF _Toc366868695 \h 71.3.1 Gender discrimination PAGEREF _Toc366868697 \h 71.3.2 Racial discrimination PAGEREF _Toc366868699 \h 81.3.3 Tribunal discrimination PAGEREF _Toc366868701 \h 91.4 Current Research Findings on the Prejudice and Discrimination in the Societies PAGEREF _Toc366868703 \h 92.0 LITERATURE REVIEW PAGEREF _Toc366868708 \h 122.1. Introduction PAGEREF _Toc366868709 \h 122.2 Existing Theoretical Explanations of Prejudice and Discrimination PAGEREF _Toc366868711 \h 122.2.1 Social identity theory P AGEREF _Toc366868713 \h 122.2.2 The social creativity PAGEREF _Toc366868718 \h 142.3 Social comparison theory PAGEREF _Toc366868725 \h 172.4 Contributions of Prejudice and Discrimination to Psychological Profession PAGEREF _Toc366868730 \h 192.4.1 Counter-Stereotypical ideas and Prejudice/discrimination Reduction PAGEREF _Toc366868732 \h 192.4.2 Models and psychological profession PAGEREF _Toc366868733 \h 202.5 Conclusions PAGEREF _Toc366868737 \h 22References PAGEREF _Toc366868740 \h 23AbstractThis study focuses on the issue of prejudice and discrimination which is one of the topics within the ambits of social psychology. The study takes a contributory stance to the pool of research and theoretical literature in the field of social psychology. The topic of prejudice and discrimination is one of the common problems that affect the members of the society. The paper therefore brings the issue into perspective by highlighting and revealing the concepts of the topic understudy. The firs t section lays out an empirical and a conceptual foundation for other sections of the paper. Importantly, the section defines and differentiates the major concepts of stereotype, discrimination and prejudice, explaining the common forms of prejudice and discrimination in the contemporary societies. Theoretical review of the existing research and findings on the aforementioned phenomena follows. The second section of the paper gives a wider view of literature on the issue under study by giving critical analysis of the socio psychological theories. It further addresses how the field has progressed and essentially on how it has shaped the profession of psychology. The last section is the conclusion with gives the synopsis of the paper..Key words: prejudice, discrimination, stereotype.1.0 IntroductionDiscrimination and prejudice based on gender and ethnicity are some of the social issues affecting the daily lives of individuals in the entire globe. They affect the way people perceive th emselves and others giving them different behaviours and opportunities. Prejudice can be explained as an intergroup event which inhibits relations between various social groups. Intergroup prejudice and relations will have various effects when the groups are in the same level of economic and social status or when belong to various levels in a social ladder. This is attributed to the fact that social ladder makes prejudice and discrimination of correlated groups possible. Discrimination and prejudice have different effects in various cultures however, psychologically; they have the same fundamental mechanism and transform the peoplesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ daily reality.Discrimination and prejudice can affect individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ opportunities, self worth, social resources and motivation as well as their interaction with the broader society. In addition, perception of inequality and equality are themselves facilitator of prejudice and discrimination. Therefore, developing, promoting as well as sustaining human rights and equality depends on figuring out how individuals understand and apply the concepts of prejudice and discrimination in their daily lives. As revealed in the previous studies, prejudice and discrimination can exist in different dimensions depending on the element used to propagate identification. Discrimination particularly is based on the difference between identities. These social identities in the society provide suitable grounds for discrimination.Structural inequalities suffuse society and result into differences in ethnicity, socio economic, and social class categorization. To some degree, direct provision of services and legislation can solve such indifferences. However, these factors on their own cannot solve the implanted social attitude which causes indiscrimination. Besides, structural inventions normally apply to a certain categories or groups but potentially assume other forms of indifferences. In fact new social groupings constantly come up; for instance, the media and politicians frequently identify new suspected threats from immigrants of certain types, certain practices acquired by religions, threats of social institutions like marriage and many more. Therefore, the targets of discrimination and prejudice may change rapidly compared to the legislation response.Therefore, to address discrimination and prejudice, it is imperative to give a wider evaluation of methods which may come up as general social procedures. This paper explains the framework instituted largely by a social psychological viewpoint which identifies the types of discrimination and prejudice prevalent in the contemporary societies. This framework identifies the factors which inhibit and are inhibited by the stereotypes, attitudes, beliefs and emotions of individuals. The framework can be utilized to synthesize a given intergroup categorization, hence facilitating systematic comprehension various ways in which courses of actions and interventions will hinder those groups. The wider assessment also points out how the discrimination and prejudice have shaped the profession of psychology.1.1 Defining Prejudice in the SocietyWithin psychology, there have been many trials to define prejudice. Markus and Wurf (2006) noted that prejudice cannot forever be defined as unjustified or irrational hence, it is imperative to describe it as a negative assessment of an individual or a social class which is extensively based on a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s group membership. However, this leaves people with a slight drift in forms of policy since it ignores prejudice which ignores negative assessment. Consequently, the approach adopted in this paper is to describe prejudice as a bias which devalues individuals due to their apparent membership of a social class. This description enables prejudice to emerge from biases in various ways. However, it is not perceived that every bias is consequential or particularly harmful. Some are relatively favorable like the belief Chinese individuals are good at Mathematics compared to Europeans. This prejudice will be favorable towards people of china in Britain.As noted by Markus and Wurf (2006) prejudice arises when biases are generally consequential and harmful since they minimize the value or standing attached to an individual through their class membership. This can happen when altitudes, emotions and stereotypes towards the class are pointed out on a member of the class. Therefore, it is prudent to differentiate understanding of group variation from prejudice and bias. Some social classes are noticeably equal; they poorly educated, have limited opportunity, are poor and evidently have low job positions, engage in criminal injustices and worse health conditions. Some classes posses more powers than others within the community.As posited by Rogers and Frantz (2010) individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ knowledge is generally wrong or incomplete and may inappropriately oversimplify their knowledge causing pre judice and bias. For instance, it is wrong and clearly prejudiced to believe that all Muslims in the United Kingdom have a terrorist threat. It is correct to believe that all mothers are women but wrong to believe that every women is a mother. A research by Hyman and Paul (2011) revealed that policies or actions aimed at assisting particular group of individuals who are believed to be needy or independent involve may well lead to disadvantages to other group of individuals who are believed to be independent. These believe are prejudiced, and for certain group of people, it may be just harmful like direct hostility. Therefore, from a strategy perspective, a vital task is to recognize which prejudices are harmful and the ones which are consequential and who to target.1.2 Defining discrimination in the societyWhile prejudice refers to an attitude, discrimination deals with explicit situational behaviour. According to Hyman and Paul (2011) social discrimination happens when an individua l gets a harsher or better treatment compared to others due to his or her social class membership. For instance, a landlord may decide to assume the applications from individuals of a particular ethnic community. Social psychologists have generally studied discriminatory behaviour in relation to researches of its psychological foundation such as stereotypes (Rogers Frantz, 2010). This study has frequently been done in social environment in which discriminatory behaviour occur, such as the justice system (Hyman Paul, 2011).As asserted by Hyman and Paul (2011) discrimination occurs in various ways depending on its root cause. It can be individual, aggregate and institutional. Discrimination of social classes can be societal and institutional when the living standards of particular individuals are surrounded by certain laws which restrict their huma...

The Philosophies of Judge Dee Essay - 1715 Words

The translated novel Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee tells of a district magistrate of Chang-Ping in the T’ang Dynasty named Judge Dee Goong An, famous for his ability to solve mysterious cases. This is simple enough, except it is immediately evident to the reader that Judge Dee is not just a normal magistrate content with solving a case – it is easy to see that he always digs deeper. His success is unparalleled in the land, his actions laid out without a single corrupt thought or a lax view. What makes Judge Dee so effective? How is he able to look past the most obvious answers to find the one that is correct? It is obvious that he can only do this with the help of various different philosophies. These philosophies provided him†¦show more content†¦Hsu, of course, was the young man who committed adultery and was an accessory to the murder of Bee Hsun, the husband of Mrs. Djou. Instead of a severe punishment for Dr. Tang, Judge Dee orders otherwise, saying â€Å"But in deference to your great achievements in the field of scholarly researches, I shall free with this public reprimand, enjoining you henceforth to devote all your time to your own literary studies. You are strictly forbidden ever again to engage in the teaching of young students.† (Van Gulik, pg. 208). Judge Dee respected Dr. Tang’s higher learning status, whereas if it were a normal person the punishment would have been far more severe and painful. Respect for the actions of a person’s elders is evident as well. In the same scene, Judge Dee convicts the student Hsu Deh-tai, who is to be executed by strangulation – however, Judge Dee recognizes the â€Å"meritorious services rendered to the State by the said Hsu Deh-tai’s father and grandfather† (pg. 214). This is a subtle example of filial piety, albeit indirect filial piety. A social hierarchy is near-impossible to miss in this novel as well– from the very beginnin g the reader is notified of the position of Judge Dee and his consequent assistants under him, along with the fact that all of his subjects refer to themselves as â€Å"this insignificant person† (pg. 10). They all respect Judge Dee, which shows the Confucian idea of social order. Because of these facts,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Celebrated Cases Of Judge Dee1409 Words   |  6 Pages The book Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee takes place in the Tang Dynasty in a region of China called Chang-ping. The time in which the book took place was a very Confucian society due to the resurrection of the Confucian Educational System. This society emphasized beliefs such as the importance of the government, education, filial piety, and the 5 relationships. It believed that the gentleman was the embodiment of all these characteristics and was held to the highest standards. Legalism was the practicedRead MoreThe Willow Pattern By Robert Van Gulik Essay928 Words   |  4 Pages I n his murder novel, The Willow Pattern, Robert Van Gulik chronicles the work of the semi-fictional historical figure Judge Dee: a statesman and detective of the Tang court. In the midst of a mysterious plague that had overtaken the capital city of Chang’an Judge Dee seeks answers to the murder of two wealthy aristocrats. Over the course of his endeavors, he encounters many attributes and acts characteristic to the Tang Dynasty. DESPITE THE FICTIONAL NATURE OF HIS NOVEL, GULIK PAINTS A HISTORICALLYRead MoreIncarceration Of Prison And Prisoners869 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual resibility. This philosophy, based on retribution, incapacitation, and deterrence, has become the operational principle that underlies many of today’s correctional initiatives. The Just Deserts Era represents a return to the original purpose of incarceration: imprisonment. The current era of prison philosophy has led to an overall increase in the number of prison facilities and a continued rise in the number of incarcerated individuals. Critics of this philosophy worry that the increase inRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas: Proving Gods Existence Essay1866 Words   |  8 Pagesthen produces lesser qualities in objects. That is, â€Å"there is something which is the truest and the best and most excellent of things, and hence the most fully in being.† In fact, we rate or grade objects according to this perfection, as when we judge the worth of a person’s life relative to a human ideal. â€Å"Now when many things possess a property in common, the one fully possessing it causes it in the other; fire, as Aristotle says, the hottest of all things, causes all other things to be hot.†Read MorePlatos Works Essay examples1881 Words   |  8 PagesP latos Works In his works, Plato writes about truth, justice, and reality in full detail. 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The Beginning of the End for the Cold War - 1228 Words

Declining economy and diminishing legitimacy of the Soviet system at domestic level did play a crucial role, however, many realist believe that it was the US especially President Regan’s policies (Regan Doctrine) which concluded the Cold War contest with victory for the west. Kegley believes that by engaging Moscow in an arm race, the Soviet Union was dragged into a competition which exhausted their already fragile economy leading them initially into retrenchment and ultimately out of the contest. (13) Peterson notes the argument of Patrick Glynn that Gorbachev’s radical reforms of perestroika and glasnost which accelerated the demise of Cold War were actually in response to President Regan’s rhetorical and psychological attack on the Soviet Union. While perestroika was an effort to reduce the economic gap between the two countries, glasnost, the liberalization of politics was in response to Regan’s statement that democracy would be the future global polit ical system. Supporters of Regan see his personality and policy of â€Å"peace through strength† as a key factor in ending of Cold War. Through Regan Doctrine, the USA showed a resolve to confront Communist forces in the Third World. This commitment did show off in Afghanistan where, the US support to Mujahideens raised the cost of Soviet occupation and accelerated their defeat. Many scholars see the Regan’s era defence build-up as a single most important factor in bringing down Soviet Union. US official believed that by rapidShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War: From Beginning to End2055 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Allies that took down the Third Reich ended with an agreement to divide what is left of Germany after World War Two. The Western half to be under control by the United States of America, Great Britain and France while the East half, including half of Berlin, belonging to the Soviet Union. 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From the turn of the century, major powers fought against one another trying to fight against those that oppressed them and others fighting to keep oppressors from oppressing the people. World War I, World War II, and the Cold War were wars that dominated this century, though there were many other, smaller, battles that took place throughout these years. Powerful regimes that had been around for hundreds of years came crashing downRead MoreThe Great Purge Of The Cold War1658 Words   |  7 Pages Joseph Stalin’s determination greatly affected his leadership and led to the beginnings of the Cold War. His determination allowed him to rise to power and destroy all opposition against his reign. The Great Purge, one of the greatest terrors in history, was also done due to his determination to stay in power. This same determination led to, as well as shaped, a large quantity of the events of World War 2. 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Electric Barnyard free essay sample

I recently bought an album I had been meaning to buy all last year. It is by a country-music group of five men who call themselves The Kentucky Headhunters. They all live in the Kentucky area. Of the five members, there are two sets of brothers. The band consists of Greg Martin, Doug Phelps, Ricky Lee Phelps, Fred Young, and Richard Young. I was introduced to the band by hearing Cool Sounds on TNN (The Nashville Network) and later I saw them on the Country Music Awards and on the Grammys. They won one or two Grammys which led to a couple of weeks on the Top 50 Billboard Chart in Rolling Stone magazine. I enjoy listening to most types of music and this album, which has 13 songs, contains a little of everything. The Ballad of Davy Crockett and With Body and Soul are two of the Astrict-country songs. Diane and Spirit in the Sky both cross into the rock-music scene. We will write a custom essay sample on Electric Barnyard or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Theres even an Elvis Presley-type song, Love Bug Crawl, sung just like the King. The other songs also contribute to this second album. (Their first, which I dont have, was Pickin on Nashville.) Even if you dont want to buy this collection of interesting songs, the albums cover shows what the players faces look like. Check it out! Who knows? Maybe youll become a fellow Headhunter. n

Samuel Adams Radical Puritan

Political Views Over the Sugar act The Sugar act or simply American revenue act entails the derivation of a mechanism to raise tax. The act, passed by Great Britain parliament in 5 April 1764, states that, â€Å"it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this Kingdom†¦and†¦It is just and necessary that revenue should be raised†¦for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same† (Countryman 51). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Samuel Adams: Radical Puritan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 1733 tax rate that was agreed upon in the molasses act had been significantly reduced but since the tax had not been successfully collected due to colonial invasions, the American duties act attracted imposition of strict measures into place to ensure t tax collection. The action to impose the measures invited queries b y the colonialists regarding the British parliament’s intent. This facilitated the growth of movements opposed to the proponents of the act. Adams expressed his political discontent by writing inflammatory letters. On the other hand, Otis defended the colonies by resting his cases on â€Å"laws of nature and goodness of British constitution, both terms of sufficiency ambiguous for him to convince vast audiences that his arguments were unanswerable† (Countryman 92). Despite expressing their political discontent in different ways, they were both opposed to the act. Both Adams and Otis, according to Countryman, â€Å"The Sugar Act underscored a growing disconnect between Britain and the colonies† (44). The two opponents viewed imposition of the tax act as away to counter and recover the costs incurred in defending British colonies. Adams’ Role in the Stamp act Samuel Adams housed in an umbrella under the name, sons of liberty, rose up to in hard way to oppos e the act. Sons of liberty declared the tax illegal and not right. To put words into actions, according to Adams, â€Å"†¦they burned the stamps and drove out the stamp tax collectors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (4.6). Adams plays a significant role in heading the Boston sons of liberty group, which is deemed one of the rowdiest patriotic groups in Boston. His role saw him elected in the general court of Massachusetts in 1765. He came up with strategies to spread immense brouhaha of the stamp act. The strategy made the Bostonians to reelect him despite his acts that threatened to corrupt the entire Boston city. Boston under the captainship of Adams made up its mind to drive away Oliver and city stamp tax master from the Boston city. Adams notes that, â€Å"They hung Oliver in effigy from the city’s Liberty Tree, and the Suffolk sheriff refused to cut it down out of fear for his life† (4.6). A mob gathered by Adams, burnt a building, which was set aside for housing the stamp offices headquarters, cut off Oliver’s head effigy and ransacked Oliver’s house under the full glare of the governor. Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These actions resulted to resignation of Oliver on realization that the city drummers were part of the mob, which had set the stamp headquarters building ablaze. Several custom offices were invaded with a climax of flattening of Tomas Hutchinson under authorization of Adams. Adams also united gangs from north and south Boston, which roamed in the Boston city. Before the onset of British troops to enforce the stamp laws made by the parliament, almost the entire of Boston group remained headed by sons of liberty with Adams as the head. A permit to conduct businesses with stamps was given by the rival group. The failure for the convection held in New York to unite all colonies to act against tax, give an amicable o pportunity for sons of liberty to forge alliances with military from clubs in other British colonies. Consequently, Britain withdrew the stamp act in 1766. Jon Hancock’s relation to Adams and his role in the Townsend Act crisis Townshend acts, established to raise taxes in British colonies formed part of the work of Charles Townshend- councilor of ‘the exchequer’. The acts established policies of levying tax on paint, glass, paper, lead and tea. The tax on these commodities was levied on arrivals into the colonies. This made â€Å"a departure from earlier taxation schemes that had been primarily for regulating trade† (Flower 75). The acts were popularly termed as Revenue acts of 1767. John Hancock was a long time friend to john Adams. The two friends had stalemate due to reluctance of Adams to back George Washington who acted as an army commander. In November 1772, Adams formed Boston committee of correspondence, which Hancock was reluctant to join. This had an impact of creating an agreement impasse between wings of power. However, Adams and Hancock united much later in 1773 to fight constitution adoption. John Hancock played a major role in Townshend crisis where he emerged as a hero. His ship, liberty was seized an act that invoked a myriad of riots in Boston. â€Å"Hancock joined other Bostonians in calling for a boycott of British imports until the Townshend duties were repealed† (Flower 173). Hancock seemed targeted by customs board on suspicion that he involved in smuggling of tea. Alternatively, they must have intended to harm his political ambitions due to his failure to avail himself before the presence of custom officials during their public forums. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Samuel Adams: Radical Puritan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More John Hancock also wrote a letter protesting for Townshend acts. In the letter he noted that â€Å"Ta xes equally detrimental to the commercial interests of the Parent country and the colonies are imposed upon the People, without their consent; Taxes designed for the Support of the Civil Government in the Colonies, in a Manner clearly unconstitutional† (Flower 200). The â€Å"Journal of the Times† and the paper’s role in the protest movement One of the themes in the Journal of the New Times was attraction of mass rejection of Adams opponents. Adam had attempted to publicly black list the Tories through publishing all names in the journal, which appeared in the Boston gazette. Adams â€Å"†¦demanded that votes in the Massachusetts House be recorded by name, and the Tories who opposed Adams’s men found their names publicly announced† (5.4). The second theme is political individualism. By publishing the journal, Adams was sure to obtain political star rise. Governor Bernard countered the Adams move but his efforts yielded no substantial fruits. Bernard had thrown out patriots appointed in posts of the government for instance militia posts. However, his strategies failed to work since â€Å"the effort backfired, and the opposition picked up nineteen seats in the House–exclusively at the cost of â€Å"black- listed† Tories† (Flower 231). Opposed to Bernard’s expectation Adams rose to the position of a clerk via his patriotic assembly. Otis, his friend on the other hand, became the assembly speaker. Furthermore, Laments that Adams that â€Å"Adams oversaw the removal from the Massachusetts Council of six supporters of Governor Francis Bernard, the colony’s highest governing body† (Countryman 108). Boston reacted to the Non-Importation Act by thinking outside the box to change their economies. According to Adams, â€Å"the non importation agreements marked a change in American economics, because it forced the development of local industries not previously viable in the colonies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (6.5). Adams together with other leaders thought of initiating clothe manufacturing industries: an effort that was laughed at by Britons. The manufacturing efforts facilitated to foster and encourage â€Å"inter colony unity and a sense of independence† (Flower 236). Economic independence was high on the horizon. Britons were also concerned about and felt that political independence was also paramount.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hutchinson’s views on politics and his role in the Boston Massacre Hutchison believed that the only way to put into place a mechanism to ensure compliance with politically instigated policies was through troop’s interventions. To him any political demands were to be responded to ardently to ensure Britain continues to reign in its colonies. The Boston massacre was one of the exemplifications of Hutchinson sternness. Adams had initiated the circumstances that lead to the massacre. â€Å"On March 4, 1770, Bostonians awoke to find the city plastered with convincing forgeries of orders laying out a massive attack on the townspeople of Boston â€Å"signed† by prominent British soldiers† (Flower 240). Adams strategy to deal with the colonial power, forced the public to react with overwhelming wrath. Armed with various weapons such clubs and firm tools, a mob confronted the British troops. It is Hutchinson, being the chief commander of all the naval and army fo rces within the colony, who sent troop backup to help confront the mob. When one of the solders recovered his gun upon the knockdown beats by the mob with garbage, rocks and snowballs opened fire to the mob and others took after their colleague. This is what resulted to Boston massacre in which â€Å"five civilians were killed- including Attucks, Gray, Caldwell and Carr† (Countryman 97). An on looking man also died though he took no pragmatic roles in the riots. The Hutchinson hasty reaction to solve any political impasse greatly contributed to the negative perception of the mob about the intents of the colonial forces. He thus contributed substantially towards idealization of propaganda spread by Adams and his boys about the decision arrived at by the Britain to deal mercilessly with the civilians who defied their laws. Furthermore, Hutchinson saw no threat imposition by his troops and therefore could nothing about them when Adams called for withdraw of regiment responsibl e for the Boston massacre though he latter give in to Adams demands. Hutchinson’s letters and Britain’s response to the Boston Tea Party In December 1773, a group of Bostonian organized by Sam Adams destroyed a consignment of tea onboard liberty ship. A controversy consequently ensued between the colonialists and the Americans. East Indiana Company which had the monopoly to sale tea to Britain at wholesale, which was later exported to the some colonies particularly Boston, had faced undying challenges emanating from Dutch tea smuggling business in Britain and to Americans. To secure the company operations in Britain and enable the company withstand the winds of competition due to smuggled tea, the British parliament passed an act, which encouraged reduction of tax on tea consumed in Britain. Britain also, according to Adams, â€Å"†¦gave the East India Company a refund of the 25% duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies† (6.4). The impact was redu ction of revenues which were later to be recovered by enactment and passing of Townshend revenue act. The act required more levy of new taxes on colonies. Tea was one of the products that seemed targeted. Instead of â€Å"solving the smuggling problem, however, the Townshend duties renewed a controversy about Parliament’s right to tax the colonies† (Countryman 167). Hutchinson letter urged London to take a harsh response to Boston tea party following the sons of liberty actions to destroy tea that was on transit returning back to Britain following protests against breach of Bostonians constitutional rights. Lord Noth, the then Britain prime minister said ‘whatever may be the consequences, we must risk something; if not, all is over† (Countryman 190). In an attempt to punish the act, Britain responded by closing Boston port, engineered it, and put in to place coercive acts. Benjamin Franklin demanded the repayment for the tea that experienced destruction by the colonies. Achievements at the First and Second Continental Congresses Agreements for burning importation of goods from Britain formed part of the discussion between the various colonies. All colonies had to obey them until Britain lifted the burn on Boston port. Adams notes that, â€Å"The agreement went far beyond earlier no importation agreements, and the citizens of Massachusetts were sure that the British bankers would not let the British government throw the colonies away† (9.3) since they had extended considerable loan (more than four million pounds) to colonialists. When New York countered on the idea to convene continental congress, Adams moved in to the idea in hurry since he had urged for a similar meeting right from 1773. During the first congress, Adams, Christopher Gadsden and Richard hennery lee played hard to unveil the intentions of the meeting though behind the behind scenes. Galloway appreciated the significant power the parliament plays but also, out lined a plan for Britain and America to unite strongly. According to Galloway â€Å"the colonies would be governed by an American Grand Council, the equivalent of a local Parliament, and a Crown-appointed Resident General would oversee the Council† (Countryman 231). The congress agreed that any acts of atrocity extended to Boston would face reciprocations with military response garnered from all across the colonies. â€Å"The Congress also passed a less- sweeping version of the Solemn Covenant, but none doubted the measures would still have an effect† (Countryman 235). During the second continental congress Adams and john cornered the congress to demand independence from Britons but other delegates perceived such a move as way of depicting that the colonies were weak. Instead the congress resolved to â€Å"wait until the British attacks had grown to such a point where it was forced to declare independence† (Countryman 235). Adams and Hancock’s relations hip during writing of the Mass State Constitution The rivalry emerged when Adams rose to support George Washington as the commandant in favor of Hancock. The rivalry between the two friends existed for the rest of the warring time. Adams returned to Boston after the second convection was over in an attempt to go and restore order in Boston dominated by a myriad of chaos. Adams was opposed to the constitution, his state having rejected the first draft because the needs of the American were vast and thus not equally addressed. When the convection for the constitution was called, john Adams and Sam Adams were nominated for the noble task. Unfortunately, Sam Adams fell unwell and thus john Adams, apart from article III solely written by him, wrote the entire constitution. Attempts to move articles of confederation in to constitution concerned Adams. â€Å"He fully believed that the united States were too large and had too many different needs to be adequately represented under a sing le government† (Countryman 239). According to Adams, the capacity of the constitution to provide sufficient protection to civil liberties was questionable. He remained silent with his concerns until his appointment as Massachusetts delegate. On recognition of Adams opposition to the constitution, other delegates â€Å"cultivated and organized a vote among Boston workingmen and artisans–Adams’s core supporters–to rebuke Adams for his anti-Constitution outbursts† (Countryman 239). Adams seemed to lose his supporters. Adams opposition to the constitution had invited remedy to the spoilt relationship with Hancock so as that could drum up fight against the constitution together. Role of Adams during the Ratification process and political role afterwards Adams played pragmatic roles in the ratification process. In the ratification process, he was the catalyst for san souci club to loudly voice through their grievances. He notes that, â€Å"Bostonâ€℠¢s nightlife began to rival that of New York’s. Rumors even swirled that the city might become home to a gambling club that allowed girls over the age of sixteen inside† (10.9). Adams also began to write editorials reminiscent to the sugar or stamps controversy. He advised that, â€Å"†¦the city could be corrupted so soon after it won its freedom and cleansed itself of the impurities of Britain† (Adams 10.9). In fact, he went to an extent to attempt to have a travelling theatre group jailed. Adams reacted to the condemnations by Harvard student and termed his action as having hit ‘just right’. Adams began to rise politically again during the French revolution of 1793 and after the death of Hancock in the same year. Until his death, Hancock was the Massachusetts governor. According to Countryman, â€Å"†¦Adams became the leader of the Jacobin faction of Massachusetts government† (203). The roaming in streets of Jacobean faithful had alarmed onset of a revolution under captainship of Adams. â€Å"French tricolors began to appear around Boston and gangs of Jacobin supporters roamed the streets in a throwback to the days of the Sons of Liberty† (Countryman 240). His influence died in 1790s and climax reached in 1795 when Adams opponent managed to remove his supporters from incumbency. With regard to Flower, he â€Å"†¦failed to win the 1796 selection to as an elector opposed t o his cousin and announced he would step from governor† (10). The entire country went wholly in favor of the constitution making Adams much less popular only for him to die in 1803 as a politically disappointed man. Works Cited Adams, Samuel. Radical Puritan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Countryman, Edward. The American Revolution: revised edition. New York: Hill Wang, 2003. Flower, Williams. Samuel Adams: Radical puritan. London: Longman, 1997. This essay on Samuel Adams: Radical Puritan was written and submitted by user Kason Holland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Culture on performance Essay Example

Culture on performance Essay Example Culture on performance Essay Culture on performance Essay Gordon and DiTomaso (1992) also investigated culture strength as well as adaptability and stability and measured the growth of assets and premiums in eleven insurance companies over six years. This study suggests that culture strength and adaptability are positively related to profitability. Kotter and Heskett (1992) present various studies that support a link between culture and performance. In the first they examine the hypothesis that strong cultures are associated with performance and conclude that culture strength has a moderate positive relationship with long-term, economic performance. Their second study exploring the effect of a strategy-culture fit on performance suggests that culture contributes to performance on the condition that the culture fits the environment. Their third study compares twelve companies with performance enhancing cultures to twenty companies without such cultures. The results imply that companies with a performance-enhancing culture outperform companies lacking a performance enhancing culture by a wide margin. Marcoulides and Heck (1993) also provide convincing support for a link between culture and performance in their study of twenty-six American firms. Dimensions of organisational structure, values, task organisation, organisational climate and employee attitudes were measured along with gross revenue, product value ratios, market share, profit and investment returns. All the cultural dimensions were found to have an effect on performance. Denison and Mishra additionally report a link between organisational culture and performance and from their research conclude that profitability in large firms is best predicted by stability dimensions such as mission and consistency; that sales can be predicted by flexibility dimensions such as adaptability and involvement and that all cultural traits are positively related to return on assets, particularly mission. Despite the improvements in developing and testing the concept of the C-P link, the empirical studies presented in the 1990s nonetheless possess serious methodological and conceptual shortcomings. The major issues include the lack of agreed upon definition of culture; the questionable construct validity in operationalising the two variables in question, culture and performance; the relatively small number of organisations participating in each study; problems with respondents that are not representative of entire organisational cultures; and the direction of the relationship between culture and performance being ambiguous. Furthermore, the studies lack a relationship with each other and thus do not cumulatively build on one another. What is organisational culture? Ogbonna (1990 1996) suggests that there are as many definitions of culture as there are experts on the subject (see for example Jaques, 1952; Eldridge Crombie, 1974; Louis, 1980; Schwartz Davis, 1981; Gold, 1982; Pacanowsky ODonnell-Trujillo, 1982; Schein, 1985; Morgan, 1986; Lorrsch, 1986; Scholz, 1987; Denison, 1990; Kotter Heskott, 1992; Drennan, 1992; Williams, Dobson Walters, 1993; Brown, 1995- all of which provide varying definitions of culture) and that the definition adopted by each researcher is bound up in their view of the world and the methodology utilised. Ogbonna identifies two extreme arguments based in the conception of the subject. The two stances seem mutually exclusive- one viewing culture as something that an organisation is and the other as something an organisation has. If we view culture as something that an organisation has, culture can be seen as a powerful tool that can shape behaviour and establish premises for decision-making. When culture is viewed as something an organisation is, it cannot be controlled, as it is inseparable from organisation (Ogbonna, 1990 1996). Brown (1995) draws attention to the fundamental distinction between those who think of culture as a metaphor to be developed for understanding how organisations work and those who view culture as an objective entity. Most commentators on the subject of culture tend to regard culture as an objective entity, where an organisation including all systems and processes are elements of its cultural life. However if everything is considered part of the culture, it is impossible to use the concept to frame causal explanations of other aspects of organisational activity. Another approach to defining organisational culture views the concept as a set of basic assumptions (Schein, 1985). Members of an organisation possess these predispositions and are consequently led to work and think in certain manners. It is clear that there is a lack of agreed upon definition of organisational culture and since the manner in which we examine and research it is contingent upon the definition this has far-reaching implications. Definitions of concepts employed to help understand organisations are important in that they influence how we approach the phenomena they refer to, and determine operationalisation and measurement. Culture: cannot define it, how do we operationalise it? The operationalisation of organisational culture (the independent variable) is as problematic as its definition and considerably different in each study presented. Every quantitative study appears to operationalise culture in a different manner, questioning whether culture can be operationalised at all. The variety in the operationalisation of culture is evident in the empirical literature not only when considering characterisations of culture, but also when examining the plethora of questionnaire items utilised. The only dimension that repeatedly surfaces is adaptability and the variation in its opertationalisation and the lack of information in studies prevents an adequate comparison (Wilderum et al 2000). Clearly, the validity of a link between culture and performance is greatly undermined by the wide array of operationalisms of organisational culture and this in turn questions the constructs validity and prevents cumulation of a body of knowledge supporting the C-P link. Operationalising performance: The measurement of performance of organisations is also controversial and there is much academic discourse debating the issue (Christenson Gordon, 1999) In many cases publicly available performance data is not readily available and performance data are not consistent across industries. For instance Christenson and Gordon (1999) found in their exploration of industry moderated relationships between organizational culture that mutual insurance companies report no clear measure of profit and, therefore, no returns on equity and assets. Given the difficulties of equating variables across industries, and because they wished to include as many industries and firms as possible in the analyses, they focused on revenue growth as a single and narrow indicator of performance. Thus, some studies are forced to limit the relationship between culture and revenue growth and not to wider aspects of performance such as profitability, adaptability or efficiency Further issues also arise out of the operationalisation of performance. Many organisational performance researchers focus on the rational goal (profit maximisation) when studying profit-seeking firms. The performance is typically assessed using counting based indicators such as returns on assets, sales or equity. These measures are easily accessible and are generally considered comparable across industries. However, according to some commentators such measures are prone to manipulation, lack of consistency in accounting methods, and they have an orientation which is backward (Brown and Laverick, 1994; Kaplan Norton, 1992). Of the studies discussed in the C-P link section of this paper, most applied a pure financial performance approach (Calori Sarnin 1991; Denison, 1990; Gordon DiTomaso, 1992; Kotter Heskett, 1992; Marcoulides Heck, 1993). Rousseau (1990) utilised a unidimensional approach and four used multi-dimensional approach that Wilderom, Glunk and Maslowski (2000) suggest is good practice. However, the studies that did use multi-dimensional methods did not typically provide a sound theoretical basis for the decision on performance dimensions as required (Denison Mishra, 1995; Koene, 1996; Petty et al and Wilderom Van den Berg, 1998). Therefore of the empirical literature supporting a link between organisational culture and performance, the operationalisation of performance is inadequate and lacking in validity, once again questioning the C-P concept. What Theory? The concept of culture continues to be considered by managers and commentators as a key variable in the success or failure of organisational improvement. However several academics point out that although the concept is entering its third decade, debates about epistemology, manifestations of the concept and appropriate methodology persist, jeopardising the maturity of the concept (DiMaggio, 1997; Martin Frost, 1996; OReilly Chatman, 1996; Detert, Schroeder Mauriel, 2000). Detert, Schroeder and Mauriel (2000) claim there is a lack of consolidation followed by systematic empirical investigation concerning organisational culture and upon reviewing the literature it appears to me this is the case. It is even proposed that unless this hole in the research is addressed, the concept of culture as a driver of organisational performance will cease to exist (Firestone Lewis, 1998; Pettigrew, 1990; Reichers Schneider, 1990; Smart St. John, 1996). The literature provides several different approaches to theorising the link between culture and performance, although none appear to provide an adequate or valid explanation. Consequently, research investigating the link between culture and organisational performance lacks a clear theoretical conception of the phenomenon. One approach views that an organisations culture effects performance and success when culture is based on consensus or culture strength. This serves as a control system and leads to enhancement of the functioning of the organisation. The strong organisational culture is argued to facilitate goal alignment, lead to high levels of employee motivation and is able to learn from its past (Brown, 1995). However, the so-called strong culture theory is rife with flaws. For example, a strong culture may facilitate goal alignment, but this is not useful if the goals are not positive. It also cannot be assumed that all strong cultures are related to high levels of employee motivation. Brown (1995), for example points out that many UK public services have strong cultures, with less than motivated employees. Additionally, even though the literature presents examples of organisations with both strong cultures and superior performance, the evidence is circumstantial and not adequate to support the culture strength hypothesis. Furthermore, a relationship between two variables is not synonomous with causation or indicative of the direction of the realtionship. It is possible for example that performance effects culture. The strong culture theory also does not account for the fact that most organisations do not possess one single, unilateral culture. Another theoretical hypothesis postulated to explain the relationship between culture and performance suggests that high economic performance is associated with a strategically appropriate culture. In this case, varying cultures would be appropriate in different competitive environments and for different strategies. Unfortunately testing this theory objectively is difficult and Kotter and Hesketts attempt at doing so contains the methodological flaws discussed earlier. Additionally, there are conceptual issues such as accounting for changes in the environment, which would require organisations to also be culturally adaptive. The concept of adaptiveness relates to Denisons (1990) framework that includes an adaptability hypothesis, stating that a culture that allows an organisation to adapt to changing demands will promote effectiveness. Dennisons presents an explanatory framework encompassing involvement, consistency, adaptability and mission. However Denisons theory like, Kotter and Heskotts general features of the culture of organisations associated with economic success, is a one best culture framework, which is problematic (see Brown, 1995 for further explanation). Other researchers have postulated that the culture-performance link may be moderated or contingent upon some other variable such as the industry of the organisation. For example Christenson Gordon, (1999), report the existence of cultural practices that are industry specific, suggesting that the C-P link is not universal. It is clear from a brief discussion of C-P theory that there is an absence of a solid conceptual framework. Lim (1995), based on an analysis examining organisational culture and performance via a discussion of models of culture and empirical research conducted to investigate causal relationships between them reiterates that the culture-performance link remains unclear. There is a desperate need to improve on the application of the concepts involved and focus of methodological issues. Cumulative empirical research, based on a theoretical framework is required to validate the culture- performance concept. Can all managers create and use an organisations culture to improve organisational performance? If subsequent research shows that culture does affect performance, it is likely that creating, changing or using culture will be a difficult task. Depending on the conceptual viewpoint adopted, it could be considered impossible. For example, Krefting and Frost (1985 In Ogbonna, 1996) argue that culture simply exists and cannot be managed or created, because by definition assumptions exist without the individual being aware. Even commentators who believe that culture can be managed point to the difficulties in doing so (for example Uttal, 1983 Fombrun, 1983. In Ogbonna, 1996). Morgan (1997) also argues that managers can never control culture, but can influence others by being aware of their actions and fostering desired values. It is also important to note that not all managers have the expertise or leadership qualities to exercise adequate influence on others to create change. In conclusion, the contention that an organisations culture is a powerful tool that all managers can create and use to improve organisational performance is not supported by the literature. Although empirical studies appear to support a link between organisational culture and performance there are several issues which question the validity of such research. There is a lack of solid definition of organisational culture, there is no clear operationalisation of culture, the operationalisation of performance has been typically questionable and there is a lack of a conceptually sound framework. It is only when these challenges are tackled, and studies are more methodologically sound that research investigating the culture performance link can more effectively establish the predictive effect of organisational culture on performance. Following this, the challenge will be to determine if culture can actually be managed and to make the tool available to all managers to utilise optimally.

Sexual Ambiguity in As you like it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sexual Ambiguity in As you like it - Essay Example The first slightly questionable relationship the reader sees within the play is that of Celia and Rosalind. They are cousins, but when Orlando is leaving, Le Beau alludes to the fact that they do in fact share a bond that is out of the ordinary. The answer to the question of how close two individuals can be can often take physical and emotional dimensions. Rosalind and Celia are undeniably more than just friends. One can judge the relationship between the two as both emotional and physical. When Shakespeare introduces the two characters (Rosalind and Celia), Celia uses flowery expressions to describe Rosalind. She refers to Rosalind as â€Å"my sweet rose, my dear rose† ideally, one would expect such kind of descriptions to come from a man when describing a woman who is his lover. When Celia was later defending Rosalind against her father, she accepted that Rosalind is a turncoat following the fact that they had â€Å"slept together.† Having slept with Rosalind, Celia a dmits that she too should be branded a traitor if her friend, Rosalind is considered to be a traitor. The use of phrases such as â€Å"slept together†, as well as â€Å"inseparable† by a lady in reference to another lady is in itself complex enough as regards sexuality (Bloom 54). Normally, anyone would expect to hear a man use such terms when referring to his lover or when a woman is referring to her male lover, but in this case, here are two women exhibiting some uncommon sexual bond between them. How sophisticated can it be? The two sisters are presented as two swans that belong together and cannot be separated from one another. Further, Rosalind puts on male cloths to disguise herself against any probable assailant when they set off for the Forest of Arden from the palace. After choosing a male figure, Touchstone, to go with them, his presence as a male companion was enough security for them. They were no longer alone travelling through the forest. In spite of the presence of Touchstone, Rosalind readily agreed to put on male cloths, which puts into question gender role as she takes a masculine responsibility. Rosalind had no reason for disguising herself in male attire to keep off possible attackers because they had Touchstone at their disposal. The fact that she goes ahead to wear male cloths invokes a sense of sexual ambiguity in the play. The relationship between gender roles and attires is brought into focus through cross dressing. Rosalind easily slips into male attire, which enables her to move around with much ease, issue advice and mingle with other men easily without any trouble. The freedom accorded to her courtesy of her dress code gives her the authority to initiate courtship. Rosalind appears to be more active than her friend Celia, who remains largely passive as she retains her female identity. When the two friends are in the Forest of Arden, it is quite fascinating to see Celia, who assumes a female identity sits back and wait for fortune to knock at her door and deliver a man in her life. On the contrary, Rosalinda who dresses up like a man and takes a more masculine role actively seeks for courtship. Sexual ambiguity in the play As You Like It also manifests when Shakespeare presents scenes that contradict the possibility of any sexual relationship having taken place between Rosalind and Celia. As it later emerges, both friends, Rosalind and Celia, are much enthusiastic about getting involved in relationships with Orlando and Oliver. Rosalind and Celia are much willing to take in Orlando and Oliver as their male lovers. Their readiness to accept heterosexual relationships

Final Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Analysis - Assignment Example Oversight is an important aspect in data networks in that it ensures successful implementation of policies within the business. Specificity of policies means that each policy should deal with a particular action while implementation guidance refers to what and how the policy will be undertaken. For example, implementation guidance may require that encryption be 1000 bits long. Within the context of information technology, implementation refers to various processes that include acquiring hardware and software, installation of the computer programs, testing, configuration and making changes that are vital during the performance of a system. Standards are implementation guidance that must be followed by policy implementers during the utilization of particular technologies. One of the key aspects of standards is that they are compulsory and they aim at creating uniformity within an organization. On the other hand, guidelines refer to the methodologies of enhancing security within a system. Raymond and Julia (2011) argue that due to their flexibility, guidelines are used to develop standards within various information systems. Even though guidelines are essential in systems security, they are not compulsory but they should be given careful consideration. According to Raymond and Julia (2011) three types of oversight that ensure policies are successfully implemented are auditing, vulnerability analysis and log files. Vulnerability testing refers to the scanning of network systems to be certain that all the configurations are properly set and adequate security of the system. It is important for a policy to drive both implementation and oversight to ensure that the objectives of the policy are attained within the

Controversial Essay Topic Essay Example for Free

Controversial Essay Topic Essay For this paper, you will discuss a controversial, recent news story and map out the reaction to this story using Storify as a medium to organize and curate links, social media posts, and photos. The goal of this assignment is not only to understand what is going on in a particular controversy, but also to chart the ways in which people talk about that controversy. Storify is particularly useful for this purpose because it allows one to curate news stories, social media posts, and images alongside ones analysis. What will result from this assignment is not a paper in the traditional sense, but it will be your sense-making of a controversy and the conversations around it, along with tweets, images, and links that exemplify these conversations. Choose a story that interests you, but that has a variety of interpretations available. For example, you might choose to analyze the Miley Cyrus VMA performance and the ways in which race was discussed afterwards, or the ways her controversial performance alienated certain people. Your news story must be recent (within the last six months), popular (your classmates will know at least cursory details of the story), and controversial (other people need to have talked about it). I strongly discourage going out of your depthif the controversy surrounding Syria vaguely interests you but you have no prior knowledge of the conflict, you may find another topic easier to manage. Narrowing down your topic of analysis is important; otherwise youll be far too overloaded. Instead, youll need to focus in on the conversationfor example, while discussing the Steubenville Rape case, you might focus on the ways on which the victim was portrayed, or alternatively, the ways in which the football players were talked about in the news coverage. Narrow down to what you think is important in the story—what most makes you curious about this controversy? What’s the key issue here? This assignment will have two general parts: first, you must discuss the news story, summarizing its key components. Second, you must explore the conversation happening around that news story, looking up tweets, Facebook posts, and opinions articles from around the web that summarize a perspective on the event. For this assignment, youll need a combination of three posts (not all tweets or Facebook posts) that exemplify the conversation and the angle youve chosen. Remember the medium: since this assignment is based online to be viewed online, youll need your artifacts to be engaging and deep. Vivid photos, interesting links, and credible authors are important tools to engage your audience. You arent restricted to a Word document, so be creative! The text of your Storify must still be paper-lengthbut since you wont be using traditional pages, I expect 800-1000 words instead. You will generally be posting between links/pictures/posts, but traditional paper-writing skills still apply; an introduction, conclusion, topic sentences, and transitions are all necessary components of this assignment. Due dates: Proposal Due Thursday, Sept 12 First Draft Due Wednesday, Sept 18 Second Draft Due Monday, Sept 23 Final Draft Due Friday, Sept 27

Internet: The Newest Mass Medium Essay -- Essays Papers

Internet: The Newest Mass Medium In order to analyze the Internet as a mass medium, we first have to look at the original intentions of the Internet. Originally the Internet was utilized strictly by the government and educational institutions. Its primary purposes were research and education, although it soon became a form of entertainment for a portion of the population through games, chat, and email. The idea of using the Internet for entertainment and commercial use was outrageous to the current users of the technology, and when listservs began posting advertisements, they did not respond well. These users wanted to keep the focus of this particular media very narrow and two-dimensional, so to speak. However, commercialization of the Internet allowed for exponential growth in for-profit and subsidized sites, which generated a greater demand for a larger user base. Profitability became an issue as soon as the Internet became commercial. In the 1990s, the Internet wielded a significant impact on people and businesses of all types, and there were many organizations and individuals that grew concerned of this impact and new issues arose. From a business aspect, telecommunications companies began to worry that the Internet would take away their customers because people were now able to place phone calls online with no long distance charges. From an individual, or general population aspect, people were concerned with the social implications of the Internet, and the negative impact that certain content could have on individuals or groups, such as children being exposed to pornographic content. There is also the growing concern of security and privacy, because not only can personal information be used for illegal purposes, it can be used without someone’s knowledge, for marketing purposes, which some people find to be an infringement of their privacy. The Internet is a breeding ground for freedom of expression and freedom of speech, which is why certain countries such as China and Germany, have done everything in their power to restrict the content made available to citizens. However, because of the Constitution, American government is finding it rather difficult to set up a ‘gatekeeping’ system, which will restrict content available within the United States. To allow the government to do this would completely defeat the purpose of such ... ...of thought was easily manipulated by the corporate/government cooperative that ran (and still runs) traditional ‘old’ media in the United States. The versatility and multidirectional communication makes the Internet one of the most exciting mediums because content can be very diversified and users are not only able to receive messages, but they are able to respond as well. The Internet is an interactive medium with potential to expand even farther than it already has. The Internet defies the controlled, one-way broadcast model of information distribution and empowers the user with the capability to talk back to the sender. References Beacham, F. (1998, December). Dark Alleys of the Internet Frank Beacham’s Questioning Technology [Online], 20 paragraphs. Available: http:// ****CHECK**** Grant, A., & Meadows, J. (2000). Communication Technology Update (7th ed.). Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann. Public Agenda (2000). Internet Speech and Privacy. Public Agenda [Online], 10 paragraphs. Available: http://www.publicagenda.org/ Schmesier, L. (1996, March 1). Why bring gender online? CMC Magazine [Online], 7 paragraphs. Available: http://www.cmcmagazine.com

The Mexican President Felipe Calder

Audience Purpose: Some of you in the audience may also be recovering addicts or know someone who Is struggling with drug adulation. America Is a nation full of addicts to be blunt 90% of all cocaine that enters the united States Is smuggled through our southern border by the Mexican drug cartels. Those same cartels are responsible for 80% of the methamphetamine manufacturing here in the united States as well as Mexico. Addiction has been an increasing problem for Americans for many years now.Thesis: The Mexican president Feline Caldron's war on drugs has seen some regress, but it has come at a heavy price to the people who live there and the neighboring countries. Development Plan: First I Like to Inform you about the violence that has left the Mexican government struggling against the Mexican drug cartels, for control of several regions in Mexico and why Mexican officials have been unable to restore peace to their country.Secondly, as this war on drugs rages out of control it has be gun to affect more than just Mexico and I'd like to tell you what our government and the Mexican government are doing to combat the ongoing violence. Transition Body l. In December of 2006, Mexico new President Feline Cauldron declared war on the drug cartels, and made attempts to put an end to the corruption that had plagued Mexico police force, however, to date, both of these efforts have been only marginally affected, and the flow of illegal drugs continues into the U. S. A.

Choosing a Major Essay - 1976 Words

Choosing a Major Some people already know by the age of seven that they want to become a pilot or nurse; others, however, have more difficulties deciding what to do with their future. People who decided to go to a university or college have to make an important choice: what major are they going into? For many people this is a very difficult question. As the statistics show, one out of five students change their major between admission and the first day of classes. Nearly three out of four students change majors at least twice before they graduate. And three out of four college students express uncertainly about their major. These striking results raised some questions for me. Is it really necessary to choose a major? What influence†¦show more content†¦You can’t learn much biology without learning the connections to chemistry or physics. You can’t analyze much sociological data without realizing that you need to know statistics, political structures, historical patterns, and cu ltural qualities. â€Å"In every field of inquiry both the methods and the content are linked to other fields.† Northrop explains. So, one of the things you learn in a major is the interdependence of knowledge. P. Rose, director of Career Planning and Placement at the University of Pennsylvania, agrees. She sees a major as the window you are picking from which to view the world. Since a rigorous study in that major will lead you to related disciplines, it will also provide a framework for investigation of disciplines far removed from the major itself. Nonetheless, Rose thinks you need a foundation to build on first. After you achieved a significant depth of understanding in one discipline that is your major, then you will have patterns and solutions that you could apply in a totally different field. Thus, your major is the necessary foundation to engage in creative problem solving in other fields. Whatever reason you have for deciding on a major, the colleges require you to do so. â€Å"What is your intended major?† is a frequently asked question on the many college application forms. But how do you know what to choose before you get there? There may be some fields youShow MoreRelatedEssay on Choosing a Major1596 Words   |  7 PagesChoosing a Major Education is a very broad and difficult term and no two people define it the same way, but most would agree that you do get an education in college. Many colleges pride themselves on developing well-rounded students, and yet they make it mandatory for each student to choose one field of specified study. This seems to contradict the whole well-rounded idea. Education cant be confined to just academics. 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